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Refactoring is usually motivated by noticing a code smell. [2] For example, the method at hand may be very long, or it may be a near duplicate of another nearby method. Once recognized, such problems can be addressed by refactoring the source code, or transforming it into a new form that behaves the same as before but that no longer "smells".
Rule of three ("Three strikes and you refactor") is a code refactoring rule of thumb to decide when similar pieces of code should be refactored to avoid duplication. It states that two instances of similar code do not require refactoring, but when similar code is used three times, it should be extracted into a new procedure.
Examples of refactoring: moving code to where it most logically belongs; removing duplicate code; making names self-documenting; splitting methods into smaller pieces; re-arranging inheritance hierarchies; Repeat Repeat the process, starting at step 2, with each test on the list until all tests are implemented and passing.
[1] Object-oriented decomposition breaks a large system down into progressively smaller classes or objects that are responsible for part of the problem domain. According to Booch, algorithmic decomposition is a necessary part of object-oriented analysis and design, but object-oriented systems start with and emphasize decomposition into objects. [2]
This beckons as another opportunity for refactoring to be used in order to improve the quality of the code. Refactoring to eliminate data clumps does not need to be done by hand. Many modern fully featured IDEs have functionality (often labeled as "Extract Class") that is capable of performing this refactoring automatically or nearly so.
[1] [2] Determining what is and is not a code smell is subjective, and varies by language, developer, and development methodology. The term was popularized by Kent Beck on WardsWiki in the late 1990s. [3] Usage of the term increased after it was featured in the 1999 book Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. [4]
The main planning process within extreme programming is called the Planning Game. The game is a meeting that occurs once per iteration, typically once a week.
The mechanisms for modular or object-oriented programming that are provided by a programming language are mechanisms that allow developers to provide SoC. [4] For example, object-oriented programming languages such as C#, C++, Delphi, and Java can separate concerns into objects, and architectural design patterns like MVC or MVP can separate presentation and the data-processing (model) from ...