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Altrenogest, sold under the brand names Swinemate and Altren manufactured by Aurora Pharmaceutical and Regumate manufactured by Merck, is a progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group which is widely used in veterinary medicine to suppress or synchronize estrus in horses and pigs.
It contains ethinylestradiol, an estrogen, and etonogestrel, a progestin. [2] It is used by insertion into the vagina. [1] Pregnancy occurs in about 0.3% of women with perfect use and 9% of women with typical use. [3] Common side effects include irregular vaginal bleeding, nausea, sore breasts, vaginitis, mood changes, and headache. [4]
The most common form of sterilization in dogs and cats is surgical, spaying in females and castration in males. Non-surgical fertility control can either result in sterilization or temporary contraception and could offer a cheaper way to keep wild dog and cat populations under control. As of 2019, only contraceptives are commercially available.
Etonogestrel is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. [16] It works by stopping ovulation , thickening the mucus around the opening of the cervix , and altering the lining of the uterus . [ 17 ]
As such, they are only generally associated with such effects in women and often only at high doses. In men, due to their concomitant progestogenic activity and by extension antigonadotropic effects, these progestins can have potent functional antiandrogenic effects via suppression of testosterone production and levels.
Progestogen-only contraception (or progestin-only contraception) relies on progestogens alone to achieve contraception. [1] It is one of the two major types of hormonal contraception , with the other major type being combined hormonal contraceptive methods (including both estrogen and a progestogen). [ 1 ]
Progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs) are a form of hormonal contraception and progestogen-only contraception that are administered by injection and providing long-lasting birth control. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As opposed to combined injectable contraceptives , they contain only a progestogen without an estrogen , and include two progestin ...
Progestogen-only pills," "Progestin-only pills," and "Progesterone-only pills" are terms each referring to the same class of synthetic hormone medications. The phrase "Progestogen-only pill" is used by the World Health Organization and much of the international medical community. [ 7 ]