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The nature and causes of MCEs can vary by architecture and generation of system. In some designs, an MCE is always an unrecoverable error, that halts the machine, requiring a reboot. In other architectures, some MCEs may be non-fatal, such as for single-bit errors corrected by ECC memory.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
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The on-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David J.C. MacKay, contains chapters on elementary error-correcting codes; on the theoretical limits of error-correction; and on the latest state-of-the-art error-correcting codes, including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, and fountain codes.
Common exceptions include an invalid argument (e.g. value is outside of the domain of a function), [5] an unavailable resource (like a missing file, [6] a network drive error, [7] or out-of-memory errors [8]), or that the routine has detected a normal condition that requires special handling, e.g., attention, end of file. [9]
The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity. That is, the average number of cosmic-ray soft errors decreases during the active portion of the sunspot cycle and increases during the quiet portion. This counter-intuitive result occurs for two reasons.
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection. [2]A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD.
In 1979, James Ziegler of IBM, along with W. Lanford of Yale, first described the mechanism whereby a sea-level cosmic ray could cause a single-event upset in electronics. 1979 also saw the world's first heavy ion "single-event effects" test at a particle accelerator facility, conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch ...