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Xanthelasma is a rare disorder in the general population, with a variable incidence of 0.56 to 1.5% in western developed countries. The age of onset ranges from 15 to 75, with a peak in the 4th to 5th decades of life. There also seems to be a greater prevalence in females, but this might be due to higher consciousness to cosmetic defects. [7]
A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, being called a xanthoma only when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions. [3] Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma. [4]
Physical examination findings can help a physician make the diagnosis of FH. Tendon xanthomas are seen in 20-40% of individuals with FH and are pathognomonic for the condition. [9] A xanthelasma or corneal arcus may also be seen. These common signs are supportive of the diagnosis, but are non-specific findings. [9]
Touton giant cells are a type of multinucleated giant cell observed in a myriad of pathological disorders and conditions. Specifically, Touton giant cells are found in lipid-rich lesions such as those of fat necrosis, xanthoma, xanthelasma and xanthogranulomas. Touton giant cells are also referred to as xanthelasmatic cells due to the fact they ...
Xanthoma disseminatum is a rare cutaneous condition that preferentially affects males in childhood, characterized by the insidious onset of small, yellow-red to brown papules and nodules that are discrete and disseminated. [2]: 717 It is a histiocytosis syndrome. [3]
Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign [1] lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance, but it may appear polypoid, papillomatous, or sessile. [2]: 535 The verruciform was first described by Shafer in 1971 on the oral mucosa. [3]
The xanthogranulomatous type of inflammation is most-commonly seen in pyelonephritis and cholecystitis, although it has more recently been described in an array of other locations including bronchi, lung, endometrium, vagina, fallopian tubes, ovary, testis, epididymis, stomach, colon, ileum, pancreas, bone, lymph nodes, bladder, adrenal gland, abdomen and muscle. [5]
[15] [16] While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been described. [14] Classification of these conditions often presents many nosological challenges, since underlying etiologies and pathogenetics are often not known.