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Galactose (/ ɡ ə ˈ l æ k t oʊ s /, galacto-+ -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. [2] It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. [3] A galactose molecule linked with a glucose molecule forms a lactose molecule.
Galactitol (dulcitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. [1] It has a slightly sweet taste. [1] In people with galactokinase deficiency, a form of galactosemia, excess dulcitol forms in the lens of the eye leading to cataracts. [2] Galactitol is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase.
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C 12 H 22 O 11.Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lact (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars.
For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but have different physical structures and chemical properties. The monosaccharide glucose plays a pivotal role in metabolism , where the chemical energy is extracted through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to provide energy to living organisms.
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
Mucic acid, C 6 H 10 O 8 or HOOC-(CHOH) 4-COOH (galactaric acid or meso-galactaric acid) is an aldaric acid obtained by nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose-containing compounds such as lactose, dulcite, quercite, and most varieties of gum.
Chemical formula. C 8 H 15 N O 6: Molar mass: 221.21 g/mol Melting point: ... N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), is an amino sugar derivative of galactose. Function
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.