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A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. [1] Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, [citation needed] and sarcoidosis. [2] Pulmonary infiltrates can be observed on a chest radiograph. [citation needed]
Consolidation or infiltrate can be dense or patchy and might have irregular, ill-defined, or hazy borders. Dense homogenous opacity in right, middle and lower lobe of primary pulmonary TB. Chest x-ray showing patchy opacification on the upper right and mid-zone lung with fibrotic shadows, as well as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1]
A pulmonary consolidation is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air. [1] The condition is marked by induration [2] (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung.
Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs. Alveolar lung diseases are classified as processes that affect these units that ultimately lead to issues with ventilation. There are a number of different causes of insult to the alveoli including build up of fluid, hemorrhage, infection, malignancy and build up of protein and mineral deposi
In both CT and chest radiographs, normal lungs appear dark due to the relative lower density of air compared to the surrounding tissues. When air is replaced by another substance (e.g. fluid or fibrosis), the density of the area increases, causing the tissue to appear lighter or more grey.
Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
Identifying the infectious organism (or other cause) is an important part of modern treatment of pneumonia. The anatomical patterns of distribution can be associated with certain organisms, [7] and can help in selection of an antibiotic while waiting for the pathogen to be cultured.