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  2. Hydrogen ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ion

    The concentration of hydrogen ions and pH are inversely proportional; in an aqueous solution, an increased concentration of hydrogen ions yields a low pH, and subsequently, an acidic product. By definition, an acid is an ion or molecule that can donate a proton, and when introduced to a solution it will react with water molecules (H 2 O) to ...

  3. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    When some strong acid is added to an equilibrium mixture of the weak acid and its conjugate base, hydrogen ions (H +) are added, and the equilibrium is shifted to the left, in accordance with Le Chatelier's principle. Because of this, the hydrogen ion concentration increases by less than the amount expected for the quantity of strong acid added.

  4. Bicarbonate buffer system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_buffer_system

    Most of the carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper ...

  5. Acid catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_catalysis

    In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H +) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions.

  6. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brønsted–Lowry_acid...

    The hydrogen ion, or hydronium ion, is a Brønsted–Lowry acid when dissolved in H 2 O and the hydroxide ion is a base because of the autoionization of water reaction + + + An analogous reaction occurs in liquid ammonia

  7. Acid–base reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_reaction

    In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.

  8. Protonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation

    In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H +, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid. [1] (The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include The protonation of water by ...

  9. Base (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)

    These ions can react with hydrogen ions (H + according to Arrhenius) from the dissociation of acids to form water in an acid–base reaction. A base was therefore a metal hydroxide such as NaOH or Ca(OH) 2. Such aqueous hydroxide solutions were also described by certain characteristic properties.