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Nodding disease, also known as nodding syndrome, is a mentally and physically disabling disease that affects children aged 3 and above, continuing into adulthood. [2] It was first described in 1962 in secluded mountainous regions of Tanzania, with sporadic outbreaks in the decades since in South Sudan, Uganda, and again in Sudan with its largest outbreak from 2016 to present.
Bobble-head doll syndrome is a rare neurological movement disorder in which patients, usually children around age 3, begin to bob their head and shoulders forward and back, or sometimes side-to-side, involuntarily, in a manner reminiscent of a bobblehead doll. The syndrome is related to cystic lesions and swelling of the third ventricle in the ...
Rhythmic movement disorder. Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmie du sommeil. [1]
Epilepsy is a neurological condition of recurrent episodes of unprovoked epileptic seizures. A seizure is an abnormal neuronal brain activity that can cause intellectual, emotional, and social consequences. Epilepsy affects children and adults of all ages and races, and is one of the most common neurological disorders of the nervous system. [1]
Stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) is a motor disorder with onset in childhood involving restrictive and/or repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury. [1] To be classified as SMD, the behavior in question must not be due to the ...
Head nodding. Uncontrollable muscle contractions in the neck cause slight to severe bobbing of the head up and down. Forelimb clonus. Involuntary movement of the forelimbs that may be bilateral, unilateral, synchronized or desynchronized. Rearing with forelimb clonus. Rearing up on the hindlimbs, often with nose pointed to the ceiling.
Essential tremor (ET), also called benign tremor, familial tremor, and idiopathic tremor, is a medical condition characterized by involuntary rhythmic contractions and relaxations (oscillations or twitching movements) of certain muscle groups in one or more body parts of unknown cause. [6] It is typically symmetrical, and affects the arms ...
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]