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For vehicles where the above formula cannot be applied (e.g. electric vehicles), the tax horsepower is derived from the effective engine power (which is defined by law as the maximum power that the engine can provide after being used at full power from 30 minutes, which is normally lower than the rated engine power).
Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes. [19] Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less directly related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries changed over to systems based on CO 2 emissions, so are not directly comparable to older ratings.
Engine power is the power that an engine can develop. It can be expressed in power units, most commonly kilowatt, metric horsepower (often abbreviated PS), or horsepower.In terms of internal combustion engines, the engine power usually describes the rated power, which is a power output that the engine can maintain over a long period of time according to a certain testing method, for example ...
Two of the four modelling metholodogies in the shootout, one from North Carolina State University and one internal to the EPA, used vehicle-specific power metrics. [3] [4] MOVES was eventually implemented using vehicle-specific power as its primary metric. [4] (See Koupal et al. 2002, § 7.1.3.1 for the EPA MOVES draft VSP specification.)
Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source.
However, cars registered before this date are taxed based on engine displacement. Cars under 1549 cm 3 qualify for a lower tax rate. [3] In Japan, the engine displacement is one of the factors (along with overall vehicle size and power output) used to determine the vehicle size class and therefore the cost of road tax for the vehicle.
The fourth power law (also known as the fourth power rule) states that the stress on the road caused by a motor vehicle increases in proportion to the fourth power of its axle load. This law was discovered in the course of a series of scientific experiments in the United States in the late 1950s and was decisive for the development of standard ...
Electric and hybrid vehicles are exempt from the environmental tax, which also acts as a registration tax. From March 2015, electric vehicles are also exempt from the annual tax, while hybrid vehicles have a 95% reduction. [170] In 2016, the "Rabla Plus" program offered a government grant of €5,000 for the purchase of a new electric car. [171]