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Previous works from India and Greece were later translated and expanded in the medieval Islamic world by Muslim mathematicians of mostly Persian and Arab descent, who enunciated a large number of theorems which freed the subject of trigonometry from dependence upon the complete quadrilateral, as was the case in Hellenistic mathematics due to ...
Trigonometry has been noted for its many identities, that is, equations that are true for all possible inputs. [83] Identities involving only angles are known as trigonometric identities. Other equations, known as triangle identities, [84] relate both the sides and angles of a given triangle.
The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India was a project that aimed to carry out a survey across the Indian subcontinent with scientific precision. It was begun in 1802 by the British infantry officer William Lambton , under the auspices of the East India Company . [ 1 ]
In trigonometry, it came to denote "the complement of an arc to 90°". Thus koṭi-jyā is "the jyā of the complementary arc". In Indian treatises, especially in commentaries, koṭi-jyā is often abbreviated as kojyā. The term koṭi also denotes "the side of a right angled triangle".
In addition, trigonometry [8] was further advanced in India, and, in particular, the modern definitions of sine and cosine were developed there. [9] These mathematical concepts were transmitted to the Middle East, China, and Europe [ 7 ] and led to further developments that now form the foundations of many areas of mathematics.
Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (Mādhavan) [4] (c. 1340 – c. 1425) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is considered to be the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the Late Middle Ages. Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry and algebra.
Nilakantha Somayaji was one of the very few authors of the scholarly traditions of India who had cared to record details about his own life and times. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In one of his works titled Siddhanta -star and also in his own commentary on Siddhanta-darpana , Nilakantha Somayaji stated that he was born on Kali-day 1,660,181 which works out to ...
Madhava's sine table is the table of trigonometric sines constructed by the 14th century Kerala mathematician-astronomer Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1340 – c. 1425). The table lists the jya-s or Rsines of the twenty-four angles from 3.75° to 90° in steps of 3.75° (1/24 of a right angle, 90°).