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2. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

   In the wholesale trade of gem diamonds, carat is often used in denominating lots of diamonds for sale. For example, a buyer may place an order for 100 carats (20 g) of 0.5-carat (100 mg), D–F, VS2-SI1, excellent cut diamonds, indicating a wish to purchase 200 diamonds (100 carats (20 g) total mass) of those approximate characteristics.

3. Gemological Institute of America - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of...

   Website. www .gia .edu. The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to ...

4. Diamond cutting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_cutting

   Diamond cutting is the practice of shaping a diamond from a rough stone into a faceted gem. Cutting diamonds requires specialized knowledge, tools, equipment, and techniques because of its extreme difficulty. The first guild of diamond cutters and polishers (Diamantaire) was formed in 1375 in Nuremberg, Germany, [1] and led to the development ...

5. Cut (gems) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_(gems)

   Cut (gems) A decorative glass crystal about 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter, having a facet cut often applied for gemstones. At some positions, coloured light (see rainbow colouring) can be regarded caused by the intended optical prism effect of the cut. A gemstone desired to be used in jewelry is cut depending on the size and shape of the rough ...

6. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

7. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

   Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1] As a result, the gem­stone's color may be significantly ...