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Reproductive toxicity. The international pictogram for chemicals that are sensitising, mutagenic, carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction. Reproductive toxicity refers to the potential risk from a given chemical, physical or biologic agent to adversely affect both male and female fertility as well as offspring development. [1]
Medical treatment of infertility generally involves the use of fertility medication, medical device, surgery, or a combination of the following. If the sperm is of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction may be used.
Semen quality is a measure of male fertility, a measure of the ability of sperm in semen to accomplish fertilization. Semen quality involves both sperm quantity and quality. Semen quality is a major factor for fertility. An amount of human semen of unknown quality. Cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular cancer and poor semen quality make up ...
When sperm quality is referenced, what often is being evaluated is sperm motility, the percentage of sperm that are moving progressively; and sperm morphology, the percentage of sperm with a ...
Fertility preservation. Fertility preservation is the effort to help cancer patients retain their fertility, or ability to procreate. Research into how cancer, ageing and other health conditions effect reproductive health and preservation options are growing. Specifically sparked in part by the increase in the survival rate of cancer patients.
Age and female fertility. Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility is in generally good quality from the late teens to early thirties, although it declines gradually over time. [1] Around 35, fertility is noted to decline at a more rapid rate. [1] At age 45, a woman starting to try to ...
In males, the use of radiotherapy can disrupt the endocrine system leading to altered spermatogenesis and consequently a decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and sperm viability. [ 2] The rapid evolution of radiotherapy technologies has had the benefit of more effective and accurate treatments with less side effects.
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their ovaries and letting a man's sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.