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The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia (the university), industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle ...
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Regional economic geography examines the economic conditions of particular regions or countries of the world. It deals with economic regionalization as well as local economic development. Historical economic geography examines the history and development of spatial economic structure. Using historical data, it examines how centers of population ...
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.
Paul Krugman. Paul Robin Krugman (/ ˈkrʊɡmən / ⓘ KRUUG-mən; [4][5] born February 28, 1953) [6] is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times. [7] In 2008, Krugman was the sole winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in ...
Technical geography is the branch of geography that involves using, studying, and creating tools to obtain, analyze, interpret, understand, and communicate spatial information. [1][2][3][4] The other branches of geography, most commonly limited to human geography and physical geography, can usually apply the concepts and techniques of technical ...
Regional economics is a sub-discipline of economics and is often regarded as one of the fields of the social sciences.It addresses the economic aspect of the regional problems that are spatially analyzable so that theoretical or policy implications can be the derived with respect to regions whose geographical scope ranges from local to global areas.
The pay gap between academia and industry is also astronomical, which has the added effect of making corporate jobs much more financially attractive to students. The NIH determines stipend amounts ...