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Paper is a thin nonwoven material traditionally made from a combination of milled plant and textile fibres. The first paper-like plant-based writing sheet was papyrus in Egypt, but the first true papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25–220 AD), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun.
Extensive scribal cultures with corresponding social consequences emerged in the ancient Middle East, [5] the Ancient Hebrew world, Classic Greece and Rome, [6] India, [7] China, [8] [9] Mesoamerica, [10] and the Islamic world. [11] The complexity of cultural change in the ancient Middle East is documented in the Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform ...
In India, reports are that Jesuits "presented a polyglot Bible to the Emperor Akbar in 1580 but did not succeed in arousing much curiosity." [11] But also practical reasons seem to have played a role. The English East India Company, for example, brought a printer to Surat in 1675, but was not able to cast type in Indian scripts, so the venture ...
Ram Mohan Roy was born in Radhanagar, Hooghly District, Bengal Presidency.His great-grandfather Krishnakanta Bandyopadhyay was a Rarhi Kulin (noble) Brahmin.Among Kulin Brahmins – descendants of the six families of Brahmins imported from Kannauj by Ballal Sen in the 12th century – those from the Rarhi district of West Bengal were notorious in the 19th century for living off dowries by ...
Henry Rawlinson, in his book Ancient and Medieval History of India (ISBN 81-86050-79-5), claims the first Arab Muslims settled on the Indian coast in the last part of the 7th century. This fact is corroborated, by J. Sturrock in his South Kanara and Madras Districts Manuals, [36] and also by Haridas Bhattacharya in Cultural Heritage of India ...
Expansion of trade brought India into contact with Islam. Arab traders settled in Indian ports. In the seventh century, they converted to Islam, giving rise to small Muslim communities. These communities grew due to Indian conversions and because Hindu kings of south India (such as the Cholas) hired Muslim mercenaries. [162]
Digitization of a Dunhuang manuscript. Dunhuang manuscripts refer to a wide variety of religious and secular documents (mostly manuscripts, including hemp, silk, paper and woodblock-printed texts) in Tibetan, Chinese, and other languages that were discovered by Frenchman Paul Pelliot and British man Aurel Stein at the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, from 1906 to 1909.
[10] [11] Religions such as Sikhism and Din-e-Ilahi were born out of a fusion of Hindu and Muslim religious traditions as well. [12] In the 18th century the Islamic influence in India begin to decline following the decline of the Mughal Empire, resulting in former Mughal territory conquered rival powers such as the Maratha Confederacy.