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Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges ...
Hydraulics (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) ' water ' and αὐλός (aulós) ' pipe ') [2] is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases.
Hydraulic machinery. A simple open center hydraulic circuit. An excavator; main hydraulics: Boom cylinders, swing drive, cooler fan, and trackdrive. Fundamental features of using hydraulics compared to mechanics for force and torque increase/decrease in a transmission. Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work.
Hydraulic head. Fluid flows from the tank at the top to the basin at the bottom under the pressure of the hydraulic head. Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum. [1][2] It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom ...
Hydraulic structure. A hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of water, which disrupts the natural flow of water. They can be used to divert, disrupt or completely stop the flow. An example of a hydraulic structure would be a dam, which slows the normal flow rate of the river in order to power turbines.
A hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional stroke. [1] It has many applications, notably in construction equipment ( engineering vehicles ), manufacturing machinery , elevators , and civil engineering.
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface. The rapidly flowing liquid is abruptly slowed and increases in height, converting ...
Researchers found evidence that hydraulic systems might have been used to build Egypt's Step Pyramid of Djoser 4,500 years ago, revealing advanced technology.