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Pulmonate land snails usually have two sets of tentacles on their head: the upper pair have an eye at the end; the lower pair are for olfaction. [1]In anatomy, an eyestalk (sometimes spelled eye stalk and also known as an ommatophore) is a protrusion that extends an eye away from the body, giving the eye a better field of view. [1]
2 - olfactory epithelium 3 - corneal epithelium 4 - corneal endothelium 5 - retina 6 - layer with rod cells 7 - fibrous connective tissue layer 8 - nerve of the eye: Drawing of cross sections of the extracted tentacle (left) and constricted tentacle (right) with and eye of Helix pomatia. 1 - nerve of an eye 2 - 3 - 4 - eye 5 - tentacle ganglion ...
The olfactory system, is the sensory system used for the sense of smell (olfaction). Olfaction is one of the special senses directly associated with specific organs. Most mammals and reptiles have a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system.
Cats have a larger olfactory epithelium than humans (about 20 cm 2), meaning that cats have a more acute sense of smell. [18] In fact, cats have an estimated 45 to 200 million odor-sensitive cells in their noses, whereas humans only have 10 million odor-sensitive cells (known as "olfactory receptor neurons", or "ORNs").
Humans have about 10 cm 2 (1.6 sq in) of olfactory epithelium, whereas some dogs have 170 cm 2 (26 sq in). A dog's olfactory epithelium is also considerably more densely innervated, with a hundred times more receptors per square centimeter. [48] The sensory olfactory system integrates with other senses to form the perception of flavor. [18]
Unlike the main olfactory bulb that sends neuronal signals to the olfactory cortex, the VNO sends neuronal signals to the accessory olfactory bulb and then to the amygdala, BNST, and ultimately hypothalamus. Since the hypothalamus is a major neuroendocrine center (affecting aspects of reproductive physiology and behavior as well as other ...
Cats sometimes "head-bump" humans or other cats with the front part of the head; this action is referred to as "bunting". [43] This communication might have an olfactory component as there are scent glands in this area of the body, and is possibly for seeking attention when the cat turns its head down or to the side. [44]
Our human olfactory sense is one of the most phylogenetically primitive [1] and emotionally intimate [2] of the five senses; the sensation of smell is thought to be the most matured and developed human sense. Human ancestors essentially depended on their sense of smell to alert themselves of danger such as poisonous food and to locate potent ...