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Devocalization (also known as ventriculocordectomy or vocal cordectomy; when performed on a dog debarking or bark softening; when performed on a cat demeowing or meow softening) is a surgical procedure [1] where tissue is removed from the vocal cords.
Cordectomy is the surgical removal of a cord. It usually refers to removal of one or both vocal cords, often for the purpose of treating laryngeal cancer. [1] [2] The word is derived from the Greek, combining chorde and ektome meaning excision. It can be carried out by traditional surgical techniques or, increasingly, by carbon dioxide laser. [3]
Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck , as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.
Vocal fold cysts can be differentiated from other vocal fold growths as they are usually unilateral. [3] The two types of vocal fold cysts (sub-epithelial and ligament cysts) can be differentiated by colour, size and location. [2] [14] (See section on Types of vocal cord cysts for more information.)
Vocal nodules are caused over time by repeated abuse of the vocal cords which results in soft, swollen spots on each vocal cord. [24] These spots develop into harder, callous-like growths called nodules. The longer the abuse occurs the larger and stiffer the nodules will become.
Ray underwent surgery to remove the cyst on her vocal cord. “The hardest part for Rachael is going to be giving her voice a rest for the next week or so,” Dougiello told People at the time.
Surgical intervention involves removing the polyp from the vocal fold. This approach is only used when the growth(s) are very large or have existed for an extended amount of time. In children, surgical intervention is rare. Existing medical problems may be treated in an effort to reduce the strain and negative impact on the vocal cords.
Invasive treatment may require the removal of lesions, nodules, or masses on the vocal cords if visualized during diagnostic imaging. If the disorder is found to be nerve related through electromyography the nerve in question may need to be replaced or the vocal cords can be pushed together with a bulk injection or thyroplasty .