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3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine or TMB is a chromogenic substrate used in staining procedures in immunohistochemistry as well as being a visualising reagent used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays . [1] TMB is a white solid that forms a pale blue-green liquid in solution with ethyl acetate.
Luminol (C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2) is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent.Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents but insoluble in water.
Chemiluminescence was first observed with lophine (triphenylimidazole). [2] When in basic solution, this compound converts to the imidazolate, which reacts with oxygen to eventually give a dioxetane. Fragmentation of the dioxetane gives the excited state of an anionic diamide. [3] Steps leading up to chemiluminescence of lophine.
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light upon relaxation to a lower-level state.
Reagents are "substances or compounds that are added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or are added to see if a reaction occurs." [1] Some reagents are just a single element. However, most processes require reagents made of chemical compounds. Some of the most common ones used widely for specific reactive functions are ...
2,6-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) is an organic compound used as an colorimetric indicator to detect phenolic compounds. [1] Upon reaction with phenol itself, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is formed, [ 2 ] a chemical that is used as a redox indicator .
PCC is used as an oxidant.In particular, it has proven to be highly effective in oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively.The reagent is more selective than the related Jones' Reagent, so there is little chance of over-oxidation to form carboxylic acids if acidified potassium permanganate is used as long as water is not present in the reaction mixture.
It is gaining prominence as a model oxidant in small molecule and protein therapeutics for its ability to initiate oxidation reactions via both nucleophilic and free radical mechanisms. [ 2 ] 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride has been used in experiments on linoleic acid subjected to induced oxidation with different combinations ...