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Awnings were first used by the ancient Egyptian and Syrian civilizations. They are described as "woven mats" that shaded market stalls and homes. A Roman poet Lucretius, in 50 BC, said "Linen-awning, stretched, over mighty theatres, gives forth at times, a cracking roar, when much 'tis beaten about, betwixt the poles and cross-beams".
Surviving graffiti in Pompeii [1] advertise that next games will have awnings (Vela erunt). [2] Velarium is visible in the background in Jean-Léon Gérôme's painting Ave Caesar! Morituri te salutant Model of the Colosseum with its velarium in the Museum of Roman Civilization. A velarium ("curtain") [3] was a type of awning used in Roman times.
Canopy over a doorway in Fergana, Uzbekistan Canopied entrance to the New York City Subway at the 14th Street–Union Square station. A canopy is a type of overhead roof or else a structure over which a fabric or metal covering is attached, able to provide shade or shelter from weather conditions such as sun, hail, snow and rain. [1]
Petra, a hidden gem in the deserts of Jordan, is an ancient city of extraordinary beauty and historical significance. Carved into rose-hued cliffs, it features intricate rock-cut architecture ...
An awning now protects the ancient relics until the covering is repaired, allowing the public to view the original suggestum for the first time in 50 years. [2] The nature of the coverings and ongoing repairs makes it impossible to see the Lapis Niger which is several meters underground.
Open pediments on windows at the Palazzo Farnese, Rome, by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, begun 1534. A variant is the "segmental" or "arch" pediment, where the normal angular slopes of the cornice are replaced by one in the form of a segment of a circle, in the manner of a depressed arch. [10]
The form may have been intended to resemble the facades of imperial palaces. It could support a permanent roof or awnings. The Roman scaenae frons was also used both as the backdrop to the stage and behind as the actors' dressing room. Largely through reconstruction or restoration, there are a number of well-preserved examples.
This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cultures, including most Western cultures. Porticos are sometimes topped with pediments. Palladio was a pioneer of using temple-fronts for secular buildings. In the UK, the temple-front applied to The Vyne, Hampshire, was the first portico applied to an English country house.