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Animal studies showed that these compounds lowered blood glucose levels. Some less toxic derivatives, synthalin A and synthalin B, were used for diabetes treatment, but after the discovery of insulin, their use declined. Biguanides were reintroduced into Type 2 diabetes treatment in the late 1950s.
Phenformin is an antidiabetic drug from the biguanide class. It was marketed as DBI by Ciba-Geigy, but was withdrawn from most markets in the late 1970s due to a high risk of lactic acidosis, which was fatal in 50% of cases. Phenformin was developed in 1957 by Ungar, Freedman and Seymour Shapiro, working for the U.S. Vitamin Corporation ...
The lactic acidosis occurred only in patients with a buformin plasma level of greater than 0.60 μg/mL and was rare in patients with normal renal function. [19] [20] [21] In one report, the toxic oral dose was 329 ± 30 mg/day in 24 patients who developed lactic acidosis on buformin.
Assignment to a toxicity class is based typically on results of acute toxicity studies such as the determination of LD 50 values in animal experiments, notably rodents, via oral, inhaled, or external application. The experimental design measures the acute death rate of an agent.
Structure of chlorhexidine, a bisbiguanide antiseptic.. Bisbiguanides are a class of chemically related compounds known for their bactericidal properties. Generally considered to be of the generic formula: R 1 R 2 N.C(:NR 6)NH.C(:NH)NH.CH 2 X--(CH 2) 3 NH.C(:NH)NH.C(:NR 7)NR 3 R 4 V. [1] These compounds include the antiseptics chlorhexidine and alexidine.
The researchers analyzed historical data on childhood blood-lead levels, leaded gas use and U.S. population statistics, determining that more than 170 million Americans had "clinically concerning ...
It is the first of its kind to directly measure levels of calcium and magnesium in blood — a much more reliable method of assessing nutrient status. This, the authors hope, might provide clearer ...
Polyhexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. In dermatological use, [ 4 ] it is spelled polihexanide ( INN ) and sold under various brand names. [ 5 ]