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The Carians next appear in records of the early centuries of the first millennium BC; Homer's writing about the golden armour or ornaments of the Carian captain Nastes, the brother of Amphimachus and son of Nomion, [4] reflects the reputation of Carian wealth that may have preceded the Greek Dark Ages and thus recalled in oral tradition.
Carian soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BC. Relief on the tomb of Xerxes I. During the Second Persian invasion of Greece (480-479 BC), the cities of Caria were allies of Xerxes I and they fought at the Battle of Artemisium and the Battle of Salamis, where the Queen of Halicarnassus Artemisia commanded the contingent of 70 Carian ships.
The Carian language is an extinct language of the Luwic subgroup of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken by the Carians. The known corpus is small, and the majority comes from Egypt. Circa 170 Carian inscriptions from Egypt are known, whilst only circa 30 are known from Caria itself. [3]
The Carian alphabets are a number of regional scripts used to write the Carian language of western Anatolia. They consisted of some 30 alphabetic letters, with several geographic variants in Caria and a homogeneous variant attested from the Nile delta, where Carian mercenaries fought for the Egyptian pharaohs.
The other Carian inscription from Sinuri, known as C.Si 1, is much shorter and may be funerary. [20] Because no other Carian inscriptions are known from the site, and Greek inscriptions are so much more numerous, it is likely that Greek became the dominant language of the community at Sinuri by the end of the 4th century BCE.
Carian is a Unicode block containing the Masson set and four additional characters for writing the ancient Carian language in Caria and Egypt, where the Carians served as mercenaries. Carian [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
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The Carian script, recording the Carian language, known from inscriptions in Caria, Egypt and Athens. Only partially understood, there were 45 letters. Many of these resemble the Greek alphabet in form, but have different values. The Lycian script, an alphabet recording the Lycian language from the 5th to 4th centuries BCE.