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Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of painful consequences upon an individual or group, meted out by an authority [1][2][3][4][5] —in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law —as a deterrent to a particular action or behavior that is deemed undesirable. [6] It is, however, possible to distinguish between various different ...
Punishment (psychology) In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings which, occurring after a given behavior or response, reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. As with reinforcement, it is the behavior, not the human/animal, that is punished.
The Bill of Rights in the National Archives. The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) to the United States Constitution protects against imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights. [ 1 ]
Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction. The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared ...
Punishment involves the intentional infliction of pain and/or the deprivation of rights and liberties. Sociologists of punishment usually examine state-sanctioned acts in relation to law-breaking; for instance, why citizens give consent to the legitimation of acts of violence. Two of the most common political and ethical motivations for formal ...
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, [ 1 ][ 2 ] is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. [ 3 ] The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is ...
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator (s ...
Corporal punishment might been acceptable in the 1970s, but it should no longer be allowed in the 21 st century. David Plazas is the director of opinion and engagement for the USA TODAY Network ...