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  2. Common garter snake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_garter_snake

    The common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is a species of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is indigenous to North America and found widely across the continent. There are several recognized subspecies. Most common garter snakes have a pattern of yellow stripes on a black, brown or green background, and ...

  3. Rough-skinned newt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough-skinned_newt

    A stocky newt with rounded snout, it ranges from light brown to olive or brownish-black on top, with the underside, including the head, legs, and tail, a contrasting orange to yellow. [2][3] The skin is granular, but males are smooth-skinned during breeding season. They measure 6 to 9 cm (2.4 to 3.5 in) in snout-to-vent length, and 11 to 18 cm ...

  4. Garter snake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garter_snake

    Synonyms [1] Atomarchus, Chilopoma, Eutaenia, Eutainia, Phamnovis, Prymnomiodon, Stypocemus, Tropidonote, Tropidonotus. Garter snake is the common name for small to medium-sized snakes belonging to the genus Thamnophis in the family Colubridae. They are native to North and Central America, ranging from central Canada in the north to Costa Rica ...

  5. California newt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_newt

    Due to their toxicity, California newts have few natural predators. Garter snakes are the most common, and some species have developed a genetic resistance to tetrodotoxin. The mutations in the snake's genes that conferred resistance to the toxin have resulted in a selective pressure that favors newts that produce more potent levels of toxin.

  6. Evolutionary arms race - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_arms_race

    Rough-skinned newt. Rough-skinned newts have skin glands that contain a powerful nerve poison, tetrodotoxin, as an anti-predator adaptation. Throughout much of the newt's range, the common garter snake is resistant to the toxin. While in principle the toxin binds to a tube-shaped protein that acts as a sodium channel in the snake's nerve cells ...

  7. Newt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt

    Newt. A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however.

  8. San Francisco garter snake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_garter_snake

    The San Francisco garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) is a slender multi-colored subspecies of the common garter snake. Designated as an endangered subspecies since the year 1967, [ 1 ] it is endemic to San Mateo County and the extreme northern part of coastal Santa Cruz County in California. Some researchers estimate that there are ...

  9. Eastern garter snake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_garter_snake

    Anatomy and description. Eastern garter snakes average between 46–66 cm (18–26 in) long. The largest recorded length was 124 cm (48.7 in) long. Females are typically larger than males. They are either a greenish, brown, or black color and have a distinct yellow or white stripe. The eastern garter snake is broadly considered non-venomous.