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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
Lucas's theorem can be generalized to give an expression for the remainder when () is divided by a prime power p k.However, the formulas become more complicated. If the modulo is the square of a prime p, the following congruence relation holds for all 0 ≤ s ≤ r ≤ p − 1, a ≥ 0, and b ≥ 0.
In mathematics, the Bernoulli polynomials, named after Jacob Bernoulli, combine the Bernoulli numbers and binomial coefficients. They are used for series expansion of functions, and with the Euler–MacLaurin formula. These polynomials occur in the study of many special functions and, in particular, the Riemann zeta function and the Hurwitz ...
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Visualisation of binomial expansion up to the 4th power In mathematics , the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem . Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers n ≥ k ≥ 0 and is written ( n k ) . {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{k}}.}
It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n. There is no restriction on the relative sizes of n and k , [ 1 ] since, if n < k the value of the binomial coefficient is zero and the identity remains valid.
A binomial is a polynomial which is the sum of two monomials. A binomial in a single indeterminate (also known as a univariate binomial) can be written in the form , where a and b are numbers, and m and n are distinct non-negative integers and x is a symbol which is called an indeterminate or, for historical reasons, a variable.
In consequence of this definition the binomial theorem can be stated by saying that the sequence {: =,,, …} is of binomial type.; The sequence of "lower factorials" is defined by = () (+). (In the theory of special functions, this same notation denotes upper factorials, but this present usage is universal among combinatorialists.)