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Within economics, margin is a concept used to describe the current level of consumption or production of a good or service. [1] Margin also encompasses various concepts within economics, denoted as marginal concepts , which are used to explain the specific change in the quantity of goods and services produced and consumed.
A Calvo contract is the name given in macroeconomics to the pricing model that when a firm sets a nominal price there is a constant probability that a firm might be able to reset its price which is independent of the time since the price was last reset.
Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to evaluate economic well-being, especially relative to competitive general equilibrium, with a focus on economic efficiency and income distribution. [13] In general usage, including by economists outside the above context, welfare refers to a form of transfer payment ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
The term “marginal cost” may refer to an opportunity cost at the margin, or more narrowly to marginal pecuniary cost — that is to say marginal cost measured by forgone cash flow. Other marginal concepts include (but are not limited to): marginal physical product (sometimes also known as “marginal product”) marginal product of labor
Margin (typography), the white space that surrounds the content of a page; Continental margin, the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust; Leaf margin, the edge of a leaf; Resection margin, the tissue near a tumor that is removed to ensure that no cancer cells are left behind
These uses of the term “marginal” are especially common in economics, and result from conceptualizing constraints as borders or as margins. [1] The sorts of marginal values most common to economic analysis are those associated with unit changes of resources and, in mainstream economics, those associated with infinitesimal changes.
Profit margin in an economy reflects the profitability of any business and enables relative comparisons between small and large businesses. It is a standard measure to evaluate the potential and capacity of a business in generating profits. These margins help business determine their pricing strategies for goods and services.