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Evidence for animal culture is often based on studies of feeding behaviors, [8] vocalizations, [4] predator avoidance, [9] mate selection, [10] and migratory routes. [11] An important area of study for animal culture is vocal learning, the ability to make new sounds through imitation. [4] Most species cannot learn to imitate sounds.
Dogs are the animal which is typically the most closely attached to humans, developing tightly wound relationships with people. [8] Therefore, it is crucial for the safety of both parties that there is adequate training in place. Dogs experience socialization through the critical period of socialization in two main types: active and passive. [5]
Collective animal behaviour is a form of social behavior involving the coordinated behavior of large groups of similar animals as well as emergent properties of these groups. This can include the costs and benefits of group membership, the transfer of information, decision-making process, locomotion and synchronization of the group.
Lovebirds are well known for mirroring the behaviour of their cage-mates, a form of social facilitation. Social facilitation in animals is when the performance of a behaviour by an animal increases the probability of other animals also engaging in that behaviour or increasing the intensity of the behaviour.
Synchronous behavior is also threatened when animals in a mixed-sex herd have differing nutritional or physical necessities. This causes group instability which often splits the herd up into two separate groups; generally all male and all female, to recreate the mimetic behavior in a smaller, same-sex group that has more similar needs to the individual. [5]
Rats, for example, really like it when we tickle them. In 2023, researchers found that when tickled, rats squeak joyfully in a high-pitched noise, similar to a giggling sound.
Examples of studies that have explored these capacities and tendencies in primates are listed in a table within the ‘Research on Imitation and Emulation in Primates’ section below. Beyond the studies listed, in a naturalistic environment, imitative learning is seen in many animal species.
He cites as further examples the 'Scientific study' of population biology and population genetics [77] as both examples of this kind of "Biopower" over the vast majority of the human population giving the new founded political population their 'politics' or polity. With the advent of biology and genetics teamed together as new scientific ...