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The airborne wind shear detection and alert system, fitted in an aircraft, detects and alerts the pilot both visually and aurally of a wind shear condition. A reactive wind shear detection system is activated by the aircraft flying into an area with a wind shear condition of sufficient force to pose a hazard to the aircraft.
Wind shear refers to the variation of wind velocity over either horizontal or vertical distances. Airplane pilots generally regard significant wind shear to be a horizontal change in airspeed of 30 knots (15 m/s) for light aircraft, and near 45 knots (23 m/s) for airliners at flight altitude. [3]
The flight, number 2431, was operated by Aeroméxico Connect and was a regularly scheduled flight from Durango International Airport to Mexico City International Airport. [1] [2] Originally scheduled to leave at 2:56 p.m. Central Time (UTC−06:00), the departure was slightly delayed when the first officer observed a fuel leak from the number one engine and asked maintenance crews to investigate.
Altitude loss after takeoff or with a high power setting ("DON'T SINK") Unsafe terrain clearance ("TOO LOW – TERRAIN" "TOO LOW – GEAR" "TOO LOW – FLAPS") Excessive deviation below glideslope ("GLIDESLOPE") Excessively steep bank angle ("BANK ANGLE") Windshear protection ("WINDSHEAR") The traditional GPWS does have a blind spot.
Pilots may decide whether to land (or conduct a missed approach) after wind shear alerts are issued. LLWAS wind shear alerts are defined as wind speed gain or loss of between 20 and 30 knots aligned with the active runway direction. "Low level" refers to altitudes of 2,000 ft (610 m) or less above ground level (AGL).
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation of the accident determined that the most probable cause of the accident was a combination of things: the failure on the part of the pilot in command to have the aircraft deiced a second time before takeoff, over-rotation on takeoff by the first officer, and flight crew inexperience.
The takeoff was normal until the main wheels left the ground, at which point the aircraft commenced a violent rolling motion and the right wing dropped. [ 1 ] : 2 The aircraft's tail made contact with the runway briefly, and 650 feet (200 m) later, the right wingtip struck the runway.
Other traffic landing just ahead of the accident aircraft reported "wind shear" at an altitude of under 600 meters (2,000 ft)," and this information was relayed to the FedEx aircrew. [4] Surface winds at the time of the accident were reported from 320° at 26 knots (30 mph; 13 m/s; 48 km/h) gusting to 40 knots (46 mph; 21 m/s; 74 km/h). [6]