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A defining event of the Spanish–American War was the typhoid fever epidemic of July to November 1898. [1] The Army consequently undertook a series of mass-retreats and attempted evasions. The Typhoid Board concluded that only one of the five army corps stricken with epidemic typhoid succeeded in suppressing the disease actively, the 2nd Army ...
Camp Meade was established August 24, 1898, and soon thereafter was occupied by the Second Army Corps, of about 22,000 men [1] under command of Maj. Gen. William M. Graham, which had been moved from Camp Alger in an attempt to outrun the typhoid fever epidemic. [2] Camp Meade was visited by President William McKinley on August 27, 1898. [3]
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Camp Alger, near Falls Church, Virginia, was an army camp established on May 13, 1898, for the Spanish–American War effort. [1] It was originally named Camp Harries for George H. Harries, Colonel of the 1st District of Columbia Volunteer Infantry, but the name was changed on May 23 to honor Secretary of War Russell A. Alger who approved the camp.
[4]: 1–22 Although training methods were standard, the mass mobilization of troops from diverse regions resulted in an exceptionally high death rate from disease, particularly typhoid fever. Of the 1,832 deaths attributed to disease, 1,590 were specifically caused by typhoid fever.
As the 18th U.S. Army Surgeon General, from 1893 to 1902, Sternberg led commissions to control typhoid and yellow fever, along with his subordinate Major Walter Reed. Sternberg also oversaw the establishment of the Army Medical School (1893; now the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ) and of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps (1901).
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. [37] In Canada alone, the typhus epidemic of 1847 killed more than 20,000 people from 1847 to 1848, mainly Irish immigrants in fever sheds and other forms of quarantine, who had contracted the disease aboard the crowded coffin ships in fleeing the Great Irish Famine ...
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .