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The sugar residue can be either glucose or galactose; the two major types are therefore called glucocerebrosides (a.k.a. glucosylceramides) and galactocerebrosides (a.k.a. galactosylceramides). Galactocerebrosides are typically found in neural tissue, while glucocerebrosides are found in other tissues.
The blood–brain barrier is formed by the brain capillary endothelium and excludes from the brain 100% of large-molecule neurotherapeutics and more than 98% of all small-molecule drugs. [28] Overcoming the difficulty of delivering therapeutic agents to specific regions of the brain presents a major challenge to treatment of most brain disorders.
GLUT3 is primarily expressed in neurons, specifically in cell processes (axons and dendrites), however, it is also found in many other cells throughout the body. [7] GLUT4 is an insulin-responsive glucose transporter located in the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and adipose tissue. GLUT4 is generally in vesicles in the cytoplasm.
The inner and outer glucose-binding sites are, it seems, located in transmembrane segments 9, 10, 11; [8] also, the DLS motif located in the seventh transmembrane segment could be involved in the selection and affinity of transported substrate.
The difference between a capsule and a slime layer is that in a capsule polysaccharides are firmly attached to the cell wall, while in a slime layer, the glycoproteins are loosely attached to the cell wall. A glycocalyx, literally meaning "sugar coat" (glykys = sweet, kalyx = husk), is a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular ...
Scientists just discovered a secret fourth membrane in the human brain. Here's why that matters.
Cutting back on sugar is the first step in creating a healthy gut and brain, and Avena says the next step is adding probiotic and prebiotic supplements to help your gut and brain health into your ...
A plant cell wall was first observed and named (simply as a "wall") by Robert Hooke in 1665. [3] However, "the dead excrusion product of the living protoplast" was forgotten, for almost three centuries, being the subject of scientific interest mainly as a resource for industrial processing or in relation to animal or human health.