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Clustering high-dimensional data is the cluster analysis of data with anywhere from a few dozen to many thousands of dimensions.Such high-dimensional spaces of data are often encountered in areas such as medicine, where DNA microarray technology can produce many measurements at once, and the clustering of text documents, where, if a word-frequency vector is used, the number of dimensions ...
The inter-cluster distance d(i,j) between two clusters may be any number of distance measures, such as the distance between the centroids of the clusters. Similarly, the intra-cluster distance d '(k) may be measured in a variety of ways, such as the maximal distance between any pair of elements in cluster k. Since internal criterion seek ...
It is based on Stochastic Neighbor Embedding originally developed by Geoffrey Hinton and Sam Roweis, [1] where Laurens van der Maaten and Hinton proposed the t-distributed variant. [2] It is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique for embedding high-dimensional data for visualization in a low-dimensional space of two or three dimensions ...
See the algorithm section in cluster analysis for different types of clustering methods. 6. Evaluation and visualization Finally, the clustering models can be assessed by various metrics. And it is sometimes helpful to visualize the results by plotting the clusters into low (two) dimensional space. See multidimensional scaling as a possible ...
The goal of learning in the self-organizing map is to cause different parts of the network to respond similarly to certain input patterns. This is partly motivated by how visual, auditory or other sensory information is handled in separate parts of the cerebral cortex in the human brain.
If a Gaussian mixture is fitted to such data, a strongly non-Gaussian cluster will often be represented by several mixture components rather than a single one. In that case, cluster merging can be used to find a better clustering. [20] A different approach is to use mixtures of complex component densities to represent non-Gaussian clusters. [21 ...
Consensus clustering is a method of aggregating (potentially conflicting) results from multiple clustering algorithms.Also called cluster ensembles [1] or aggregation of clustering (or partitions), it refers to the situation in which a number of different (input) clusterings have been obtained for a particular dataset and it is desired to find a single (consensus) clustering which is a better ...
If the data have three clusters, the 2-dimensional plane spanned by three cluster centroids is the best 2-D projection. This plane is also defined by the first two PCA dimensions. Well-separated clusters are effectively modelled by ball-shaped clusters and thus discovered by k-means. Non-ball-shaped clusters are hard to separate when they are ...