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Jain texts and tradition believe in 24 Tirthankaras. They are depicted as five to one hundred times taller than average human beings and to have lived for thousands of years in Jain tradition. [31] [30] [32] Historians only consider the last two generally based on historical figures of the 1st millennium BCE.
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
Part of a series on Jainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra Ethics Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non-possession) Anuvratas (further vows) Sāmāyika ...
Saman Suttam Information Religion Jainism Period 1974 Part of a series on Jainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra Ethics Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non ...
Bhagchandra Jain – scholar of Jainism, Buddhism and ancient languages.; recipient of the President's (Rastrapati) Award; has written over 40 books and published more than 300 research papers; Champat Rai Jain – influential Jain writer and apologist of the 20th century; Padmanabh Jaini – author, Professor Emeritus Berkeley University ...
The Kalpa Sūtra (Sanskrit: कल्पसूत्र) is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, notably Parshvanatha and Mahavira. [1] Traditionally ascribed to Bhadrabahu , which would place it in the 4th century BCE, [ 2 ] it was probably put in writing 980 or 993 years after the Nirvana ( Moksha ) of Mahavira.
The earliest layer of Jain literature on cosmology and universal history pivots around two jinas: the Adinatha (Rishabhanatha) and Mahavira. Stories of Parshvanatha and Neminatha appear in later Jain texts, with the Kalpa Sūtra the first known text. or depth, and the brief descriptions of the tirthankaras are largely modelled on Mahavira. [18]
According to Jain cosmology, 24 Tirthankaras have appeared on earth; Shantinatha is the sixteenth tirthankara of Avasarpiṇī (the present time cycle). [ 2 ] [ note 1 ] A Tirthankara ( ford -maker, saviour or spiritual teacher) signifies the founding of a tirtha , a passage across the sea of birth-and-death cycles .