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Apps created with .NET Framework or .NET run in a software environment known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), [1] an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling.
The Global Assembly Cache (GAC) is a machine-wide CLI assembly cache for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) in Microsoft's .NET Framework. The approach of having a specially controlled central repository addresses the flaws [citation needed] in the shared library concept and helps to avoid pitfalls of other solutions that led to drawbacks like DLL hell.
MSBuild was previously bundled with .NET Framework; starting with Visual Studio 2013, however, it is bundled with Visual Studio instead. [6] MSBuild is a functional replacement for the nmake utility, which remains in use in projects that originated in older Visual Studio releases.
A COM object can be created without type library information; with only a path to the DLL file and CLSID. A client can use the COM DLL function DllGetClassObject with the CLSID and IID_IClassFactory to create an instance of a factory object. The client can then use the factory object's CreateInstance to create an instance. [19]
Programs written in C#, Visual Basic.NET, C++/CLI and other .NET languages require the .NET Framework. It has many libraries (one of them is mscorlib.dll – Multilanguage Standard Common Object Runtime Library, formerly Microsoft Common Object Runtime Library [20]) and so-called assemblies (e.g. System.Windows.Forms.dll).
All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless of programming language, are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998. CLR implements the Virtual Execution System (VES) as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft ...
CLI languages are computer programming languages that are used to produce libraries and programs that conform to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specifications. . With some notable exceptions, most CLI languages compile entirely to the Common Intermediate Language (CIL), an intermediate language that can be executed using the Common Language Runtime, implemented by .NET Framework ...
During compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform- or processor-specific object code.CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure, such as the .NET runtime on Windows, or the cross-platform Mono runtime.