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Phosphine appears to be mainly a redox toxin, causing cell damage by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. [35] Resistance in insects is caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial metabolic gene. [29] Phosphine can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. The main target organ of phosphine gas is the respiratory tract. [36]
Phosphines or phosphanes are phosphorus compounds derived from phosphine and have the general structure R 3 P. For the nitrogen analogues, please see Category:Inorganic amines . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phosphines .
The Suzuki reaction or Suzuki coupling is an organic reaction that uses a palladium complex catalyst to cross-couple a boronic acid to an organohalide. [1] [2] [3] It was first published in 1979 by Akira Suzuki, and he shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard F. Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi for their contribution to the discovery and development of noble metal catalysis in organic ...
Organophosphines, like phosphine itself, are pyramidal molecules with approximate C 3v symmetry. The C–P–C bond angles are approximately 98.6°. [ 3 ] The C–P–C bond angles are consistent with the notion that phosphorus predominantly uses the 3p orbitals for forming bonds and that there is little sp hybridization of the phosphorus atom.
[RhH(CO)(PPh 3) 3] was first prepared by the reduction of [RhCl(CO)(PPh 3) 2], e.g. with sodium tetrahydroborate, or triethylamine and hydrogen, in ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine:
Structural studies by electron diffraction reveal that phosphorine is a planar aromatic compound with 88% of aromaticity of that of benzene.Potentially relevant to its high aromaticity are the well matched electronegativities of phosphorus (2.1) and carbon (2.5).
First phosphine imine-forming reaction is conducted involving treatment of the azide with the phosphine. The intermediate, e.g. triphenylphosphine phenylimide, is then subjected to hydrolysis to produce a phosphine oxide and an amine: R 3 P=NR' + H 2 O → R 3 P=O + R'NH 2. The overall conversion is a mild method of reducing an azide to an amine.
Bis(2-cyanoethylphenyl)phosphine, which is of interest as a synthetic intermediate, can be made from phenylphosphine by base-catalyzed allylic addition to acrylonitrile. C 6 H 5 PH 2 + 2CH 2 =CHCN → C 6 H 5 P(CH 2 CH 2 CN) 2. Bis(2-cyanoethylphenyl)phosphine is a useful precursor to 1-phenyl-4-phosphorinanone by base-induced cyclization ...