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Free Gd 3+ has a median lethal dose of 0.34 mmol/kg (IV, mouse) [27] or 100–200 mg/kg, but the LD50 is increased by a factor of 31 times [28] when Gd 3+ is chelated. [29] The spectrum of adverse drug reactions is greater with gadolinium-based contrast agents than with iodinated contrast agents (radiocontrast agents). [30]
Delayed Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage: Three-dimensional T1 Mapping with Variable Flip Angles and B1 Correction; Toward Imaging Biomarkers for Glycosaminoglycans; Longitudinal Evaluation of Cartilage Composition of Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplants with 3-T Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Cartilage
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping allow infarction and fibrosis to be identified for characterizing cardiomyopathy and assessing viability. [8] Magnetic resonance angiography may be performed with or without contrast medium and is used to assess congenital or acquired abnormalities of the coronary arteries and great vessels. [9]
A 2015 study found gadolinium deposited in the brain tissue of people who had received gadodiamide. [8] Other studies using post-mortem mass spectrometry found most of the deposit remained at least 2 years after an injection and deposit also in individuals with no kidney issues.
Gadolinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. Gadolinium is a malleable and ductile rare-earth element. It reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating.
Gadoversetamide is a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent, particularly for imaging of the brain, spine and liver. [1] [2] It is marketed under the trade name OptiMARK.
Nanoparticles of gadolinium oxide is a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A dextran-coated preparation of 20–40 nm sized gadolinium oxide particles had a relaxivity of 4.8 s −1 mM −1 per gadolinium ion at 7.05 T (an unusually high field compared to the clinically used MRI scanners which mostly range from 0.5 to ...
The contrast agents used for DCE-MRI are often gadolinium based. Interaction with the gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent (commonly a gadolinium ion chelate) causes the relaxation time of water protons to decrease, and therefore images acquired after gadolinium injection display higher signal in T1-weighted images indicating the present of the agent.