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Philips' Planisphere, ca. 1900. In astronomy, a planisphere (/ ˈ p l eɪ. n ɪ ˌ s f ɪər, ˈ p l æ n. ɪ-/) is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. It can be adjusted to display the visible stars for any time and date.
11th century – Planisphere invented by Biruni [7] 11th century – Universal latitude-independent astrolabe invented by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) [8] 1023 – Hamedan observatory in Persia; c. 1030 – Treasury of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) of Iraq and Egypt; 1074–92 – Malikshah Observatory at Isfahan used by ...
James Ireland Craig (1868–1952), inventor of the Craig retroazimuthal projection, otherwise known as the Mecca projection; J. H. Colton (United States, 1800–1893) Carl Diercke (1842–1913) Max Eckert-Greifendorff (Germany, 1868–1938) Percy Fawcett (1867–1925), British explorer of South America
A celestial map by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit, 1670. A star chart is a celestial map of the night sky with astronomical objects laid out on a grid system. They are used to identify and locate constellations, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planets. [1]
Planisphere or Planisphaerium, a 2nd-century AD book by Claudius Ptolemy about mapping the celestial sphere onto a flat plane using the stereographic projection to make a star chart Planispheric astrolabe , a device consisting of a planisphere joined to a dioptra, used for observing stars and performing astronomical calculations
1285–1300 spectacles are invented. [11] 1570 — The writings of Thomas Digges describes how his father, English mathematician and surveyor Leonard Digges (1520–1559), made use of a "proportional Glass" to view distant objects and people.
An astrolabe is essentially a plane (two-dimensional) version of an armillary sphere, which had already been invented in the Hellenistic period and probably been used by Hipparchus to produce his star catalogue. Theon of Alexandria (c. 335–405) wrote a detailed treatise on the astrolabe. [9]
A longitude determination using the occultation of a planet, Jupiter, was described by James Pound in 1714. [53] The 1769 transit of Venus provided an opportunity for determining accurate longitude of over 100 seaports around the world. [46]: 73