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Lead white is a thick, opaque, and heavy white pigment composed primarily of basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2, with a crystalline molecular structure. [1]: 67 [2]: 43 It was the most widely produced and used white pigment in different parts of the world from antiquity until the nineteenth century, when it was displaced by zinc white and later by titanium white.
Lead paint on a porch in 2018. Lead-based paint was widely used in the United States because of its durability. The United States banned the manufacture of lead-based house paint in 1978 due to health concerns. Lead has long been considered to be a harmful environmental pollutant. Cited cases of lead poisoning date back to the early 20th ...
In art, white lead paint is known as flake white or Cremnitz white. It is valued for the ease of handling and resilience the lead confers to oil paints. Lead white paint dries relatively quickly to form a strong, flexible paint film. Lead-based white is one of the oldest manufactured pigments.
White lead is the basic lead carbonate 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2. [1] It is a complex salt, containing both carbonate and hydroxide ions. White lead occurs naturally as a mineral, in which context it is known as hydrocerussite, [1] a hydrate of cerussite. [2] It was formerly used as an ingredient for lead paint and a cosmetic called Venetian ceruse ...
White lead" is the key ingredient in (now discontinued) lead paints. Ingestion of lead-based paint chips is the most common cause of lead poisoning in children. [7] [8] [9] Both "white lead" and lead acetate have been used in cosmetics throughout history, though this practice has ceased in Western countries. [10]
From that month through January 2016, HPD issued more than 10,000 violations for dangerous lead paint conditions in units with children under 6, the age group most at risk of ingesting toxic paint. Half of the violations were in just 10 percent of the city’s zip codes, low-income neighborhoods in the Bronx, Brooklyn and northern Manhattan, a ...
The HPD is responsible for enforcing housing code in private properties, while NYCHA's environmental unit handles lead abatement in its 178,000 apartments across the city. NYCHA is currently under investigation by the U.S. attorney, who is demanding the release of records related to dangerous lead paint conditions in public housing.
In the past, lead was added to household paint to increase its drying speed and improve the durability and life of the finish. However, Lead is toxic and is a possible carcinogen. In 1978, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the residential use of lead-based paint containing ≥0.06% lead (600 ppm). [2] [3] [4]