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Magnetic flux leakage (TFI or Transverse Field Inspection technology) is a magnetic method of nondestructive testing to detect corrosion and pitting in steel structures, for instance: pipelines and storage tanks.
ISO 9934-3, Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 3: Equipment; ISO 10893-5, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes. Magnetic particle inspection of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of surface imperfections ; ISO 17638, Non-destructive testing of welds - Magnetic particle testing
Electromagnetic testing (ET), as a form of nondestructive testing, is the process of inducing electric currents or magnetic fields or both inside a test object and observing the electromagnetic response. If the test is set up properly, a defect inside the test object creates a measurable response.
Eddy current testing (ECT) as a technique for testing finds its roots in electromagnetism. Eddy currents were first observed by François Arago in 1824, but French physicist Léon Foucault is credited with discovering them in 1855. ECT began largely as a result of the English scientist Michael Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction in ...
Magnetic field (green) induced by a current-carrying wire winding (red) in a magnetic circuit consisting of an iron core C forming a closed loop with two air gaps G in it. In an analogy to an electric circuit, the winding acts analogously to an electric battery, providing the magnetizing field , the core pieces act like wires, and the gaps G act like resistors.
A short in the coil creates a closed circuit that will act like the secondary coil of a transformer, with the growler acting like the primary coil. This will induce an alternating current in the shorted armature that will in turn cause an alternating magnetic field to encircle the shorted armature coil. A flat, broad, flexible piece of metal ...
The magnetic circuit's flux that does not interlink both windings is the leakage flux corresponding to primary leakage inductance L P σ and secondary leakage inductance L S σ. Referring to Fig. 1, these leakage inductances are defined in terms of transformer winding open-circuit inductances and associated coupling coefficient or coupling ...
B is the magnetic induction, Idℓ is an element of the current, the constant μ 0 is the permeability of free space, and r is the distance between the current and the sensor. As a result, the current can be directly calculated from the magnetic field knowing only the separation between the current and the magnetic field sensor.