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ATSDR is an agency within the US Department of Health and Human Services concerned with the effects of hazardous substances on human health. ATSDR is charged with assessing the presence and nature of health hazards at specific Superfund sites, as well as helping prevent or reduce further exposure and the illnesses that can result from such exposures. [7]
Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 NO 2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond -like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals.
The compound was first synthesized in 1924 by Oldřich Turek. [3] It can be prepared by the reaction of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with sodium azide. 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene is obtained from the nitration of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid. [3]
If the benzene ring contains other substituents, it belongs in Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nitrobenzenes . The main article for this category is Nitrobenzenes .
The nitration product produced on the largest scale, by far, is nitrobenzene. Many explosives are produced by nitration including trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). [3] Another but more specialized method for making aryl–NO 2 group starts from halogenated phenols, is the Zinke nitration.
It is a colorless solid. A related isomer is 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5-nitrobenzene. It is used as a standard for quantitative analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance. [4] [5] 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene is also a fungicide used to prevent dry rot and sprouting on potatoes during storage. [6] [7]
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Trinitrobenzene is more explosive than TNT, but more expensive. [2] It is primarily used as a high explosive compound for commercial mining and military applications. It has also been used as a narrow-range pH indicator, an agent to vulcanize natural rubber, and a mediating agent to mediate the synthesis of other explosive compounds.