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  2. Thickening agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thickening_agent

    Flour is often used for thickening gravies, gumbos, and stews. The most basic type of thickening agent, flour blended with water to make a paste, is called whitewash. [3] It must be cooked in thoroughly to avoid the taste of uncooked flour. Roux, a mixture of flour and fat (usually butter) cooked into a paste, is used for gravies, sauces and stews.

  3. Methyl cellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_cellulose

    Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a compound derived from cellulose.It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in various food and cosmetic products, and also as a bulk-forming laxative.

  4. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate. Fat in a corpse converts into adipocere, often called "grave wax".

  5. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  6. Lye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye

    "Hot process" soap making also uses lye as the main ingredient. Lye is added to water, cooled for a few minutes and then added to oils and butters. The mixture is then cooked over a period of time (1–2 hours), typically in a slow cooker, and then placed into a mold.

  7. Grease (lubricant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(lubricant)

    A true grease consists of an oil or other fluid lubricant that is mixed with a thickener, typically a soap, to form a solid or semisolid. [1] Greases are usually shear-thinning or pseudo-plastic fluids, which means that the viscosity of the fluid is reduced under shear stress. After sufficient force to shear the grease has been applied, the ...

  8. Zinc stearate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_stearate

    In this context, soap is used in its formal sense, a metal salt of a fatty acid: in this case stearic acid. It is a white solid that repels water. It is a white solid that repels water. It is insoluble in polar solvents such as alcohol and ether but soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene ) and chlorinated hydrocarbons when heated.

  9. Metallic soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_soap

    Aluminium soaps are used as thickening agents, in the production of cosmetics. [1] Other examples include mixed calcium/zinc soaps which are used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. Soaps of iron, cobalt and manganese are used as drying agents in paints and varnishes and work by promoting the oxidation and crosslinking of unsaturated ...

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