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Common causes of an acute abdomen include a gastrointestinal perforation, peptic ulcer disease, mesenteric ischemia, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and an abdominal hemorrhage. However, this is a non-exhaustative list and other less common causes may also lead to an acute abdomen. [2]
The main manifestations of peritonitis are acute abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, abdominal guarding, rigidity, which are exacerbated by moving the peritoneum, e.g., coughing (forced cough may be used as a test), flexing one's hips, or eliciting the Blumberg's sign (meaning that pressing a hand on the abdomen elicits less pain than ...
Common symptoms of acute pancreatitis include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and low to moderate grade fever. [2] [3] The abdominal pain is the most common symptom and it is usually described as being in the left upper quadrant, epigastric area or around the umbilicus, with radiation throughout the abdomen, or to the chest or back. [4]
The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe. [1] In acute pancreatitis, a fever may occur; symptoms typically resolve in a few days. [1] In chronic pancreatitis, weight loss, fatty stool, and diarrhea may occur. [1] [5] Complications may include infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, or problems with other organs. [1]
After addressing pain, there may be a role for antimicrobial treatment in some cases of abdominal pain. [22] Butylscopolamine (Buscopan) is used to treat cramping abdominal pain with some success. [23] Surgical management for causes of abdominal pain includes but is not limited to cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and exploratory laparotomy.
The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing acute appendicitis are 94% and 96% respectively. [2] Laparoscopic surgery has also been used to diagnose the cause of IAIs when imaging is unhelpful. Besides, the laparoscopic surgery can also initiate treatment in the same setting. The accuracy is very high, in the range of 86 to 100%. [2]
Acute: sudden severe pain [1] Chronic: abdominal pain after eating, unintentional weight loss, vomiting [2] [1] Usual onset > 60 years old [3] Types: Acute, chronic [1] Risk factors: Atrial fibrillation, heart failure, chronic kidney failure, being prone to forming blood clots, previous myocardial infarction [2] Diagnostic method: Angiography ...
In a series of 73 patients, plain abdominal radiography (56%) showing colic distension in 53% or a pneumoperitoneum in 3%. [12] CT scans are often used in the evaluation of abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, and may suggest the diagnosis of ischemic colitis, pick up complications, or suggest an alternate diagnosis. [26] [27] [28]