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  2. errno.h - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errno.h

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file

  3. Initialization (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_(programming)

    In C++, a constructor of a class/struct can have an initializer list within the definition but prior to the constructor body. It is important to note that when you use an initialization list, the values are not assigned to the variable. They are initialized. In the below example, 0 is initialized into re and im. Example:

  4. Uninitialized variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninitialized_variable

    In C, variables with static storage duration that are not initialized explicitly are initialized to zero (or null, for pointers). [ 3 ] Not only are uninitialized variables a frequent cause of bugs, but this kind of bug is particularly serious because it may not be reproducible: for instance, a variable may remain uninitialized only in some ...

  5. Object copying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_copying

    One method of copying an object is the shallow copy.In that case a new object B is created, and the fields values of A are copied over to B. [3] [4] [5] This is also known as a field-by-field copy, [6] [7] [8] field-for-field copy, or field copy. [9]

  6. Copy-on-write - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write

    Copy-on-write (COW), also called implicit sharing [1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique [3] used in programming to manage shared data efficiently. Instead of copying data right away when multiple programs use it, the same data is shared between programs until one tries to modify it.

  7. Dangling pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_pointer

    Wild pointers are created by omitting necessary initialization prior to first use. Thus, strictly speaking, every pointer in programming languages which do not enforce initialization begins as a wild pointer. This most often occurs due to jumping over the initialization, not by omitting it. Most compilers are able to warn about this.

  8. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    The lazy initialization technique allows us to do this in just O(m) operations, rather than spending O(m+n) operations to first initialize all array cells. The technique is simply to allocate a table V storing the pairs ( k i , v i ) in some arbitrary order, and to write for each i in the cell T [ k i ] the position in V where key k i is stored ...

  9. Constructor (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructor_(object...

    Like C++, Java also supports "Copy Constructor". But, unlike C++, Java doesn't create a default copy constructor if you don't write your own. Copy constructors define the actions performed by the compiler when copying class objects. A Copy constructor has one formal parameter that is the type of the class (the parameter may be a reference to an ...