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Conjunctive tasks are tasks requiring all group members to contribute to complete the product. [1] In this type of task the group's performance is determined by the most inferior or weakest group member. [2] Examples provided in Forysth's summary of Steiner's work include climbing a mountain and eating a meal as a group. [2]
Conjunctive tasks are tasks where all group members must contribute to the end product in order for it to be completed. [3] On most tasks, a group's performance is the result of a combination of everyone's effort; however, with conjunctive tasks, the group's overall performance depends on the most inferior group member (IGM).
Listed below are some of the most common models. In some cases, the type of group being considered influenced the model of group development proposed as in the case of therapy groups. In general, some of these models view group change as regular movement through a series of "stages", while others view them as "phases" that groups may or may not ...
The Ringelmann effect is the tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases. [1] This effect, discovered by French agricultural engineer Maximilien Ringelmann (1861–1931), illustrates the inverse relationship that exists between the size of a group and the magnitude of group members’ individual contribution to the ...
Joseph E McGrath modified the circumplex model of emotions to include group dynamics, based on the work of Shaw, Carter, Hackman, Steiner, Shiflett, Taylor, Lorge, Davis, Laughlin, and others. [2] McGrath used this model as a research tool to evaluate group task performance.
The input–process–output (IPO) model of teams provides a framework for conceptualizing teams. The IPO model suggests that many factors influence a team's productivity and cohesiveness . It "provides a way to understand how teams perform, and how to maximize their performance".
Social threefolding is a social theory which originated in the early 20th century from the work of Rudolf Steiner.Of central importance is a distinction made between three spheres of society – the political, economic, and cultural.
The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, [1] who said that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for a team to grow, face up to challenges, tackle problems, find solutions, plan work, and deliver results. He suggested that these inevitable phases were ...