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Jesus Ben Sirach 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Ben Sira or Joshua ben Sirach (Hebrew: שמעון בן יהושע בן אליעזר בן סירא, romanized: šimʿon ben yəhošuʿ ben ʾəliʿezer ben Sirā; fl. 2nd century BCE) was a Hellenistic Jewish scribe, sage, and allegorist from Seleucid-controlled Jerusalem of the Second Temple period.
In Jewish writings he is referred to as Aqilas (Hebrew: עקילס) and Onqelos (אונקלוס). Aquila's version is said to have been used in place of the Septuagint in Greek-speaking synagogues. The Christians generally disliked it, alleging that it rendered the Messianic passages incorrectly, but Jerome and Origen speak in its praise. [ 7 ]
The Egyptian Satire of the Trades (written during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, between 2025 and 1700 BCE), or another work in that tradition [65] referenced at Sirach 38:24–39:11 [66] The treatises of Zara Yaqob , Emperor of Ethiopia, on the nature and power of the Virgin Mary quotes Sirach 3:30, "Water extinguishes a burning fire and ...
Ezra (fl. fifth or fourth century BCE) [1] [a] [b] is the main character of the Book of Ezra.According to the Hebrew Bible, he was an important Jewish scribe and priest in the early Second Temple period.
The scribes were required to copy works in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whether or not they understood the language. [108] These re-creations were often written in calligraphy and featured rich illustrations, making the process incredibly time-consuming. Scribes had to be familiar with the writing technology as well.
The Cairo Geniza, alternatively spelled the Cairo Genizah, is a collection of some 400,000 [1] Jewish manuscript fragments and Fatimid administrative documents that were kept in the genizah or storeroom of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat or Old Cairo, Egypt. [2]
Amherst 63 was originally a single papyrus scroll with a length of 12 feet (3.7 m), written on both sides. [1] It was created by and for the mixed Aramean and Jewish diaspora communities in the Egyptian cities of Elephantine and Aswan. [6]
A sofer at work, Ein Bokek, Israel A sofer sews together the pieces of parchment A sofer, sopher, sofer SeTaM, or sofer ST"M (Hebrew: סופר סת״ם, "scribe"; plural soferim, סופרים) is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe Sifrei Kodesh (holy scrolls), tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzot (ST"M, סת״ם, is an abbreviation of these three terms) and other religious writings.