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That notwithstanding, it is probable that the origins of the names of both settlements and natural features is the same, namely to distinguish one from another; and thus that both should be considered place names. Many other types of place name can be defined, for example those relating to tribal or personal names.
A change might see a completely different name being adopted or may only be a slight change in spelling. Some names are changed locally but the new names are not recognised by other countries, especially when there is a difference in language. Other names may not be officially recognised but remain in common use.
Settlements can be ordered by size, centrality or other factors to define a settlement hierarchy. A settlement hierarchy can be used for classifying settlement all over the world, although a settlement called a "town" in one country might be a "village" in other countries; or a "large town" in some countries might be a "city" in others.
Similarly, some places in New Zealand have dual Māori and English names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook. [11] The practice of officially giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in the 1920s, [12] but dual names have become much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements.
anthroponymization, a process when an anthroponym is formed from an apellative, like when a surname is created from the name of ones occupation, thus forming an occupational surname. Such surnames are common in most languages, including English: Smith (from smith ), Miller (from miller ), Thatcher (from thatcher ), Shepherd (from shepherd ), or ...
This resembles linking; it should not be done to the detriment of style. On the other hand, it is probably better to do too often than too rarely. If more than one historical name is applicable for a given historical context, the other names should be added after the modern English name, i.e.: "historical name (English name, other historical ...
Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, exploitation, trade and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism, mercantilism, or colonialism.
Technical geography is interested in studying and applying techniques and methods to store, process, analyze, visualize, and use spatial data. [61] It is the newest of the branches, the most controversial, and often other terms are used in the literature to describe the emerging category.