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0–0.3 mg/dl – Direct (conjugated) bilirubin level; 0.1–1.2 mg/dl – Total serum bilirubin level; μmol/l = micromole/litre mg/dl = milligram/ decilitre
mg/dL Full blood glucose (fasting) 3.3 [5] 5.6 [5] mmol/L 60 [177] 100 [177] mg/dL Random glucose: 3.9 [178] 7.8 [178] mmol/L 70 [179] 140 [179] mg/dL Lactate (Venous) 4.5 [23] 19.8 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 2.2 [180] mmol/L: Lactate (Arterial) 4.5 [23] 14.4 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 1.6 [180] mmol/L: Pyruvate: 300 [23] 900 [23] μg/dL: 34 [181] 102 ...
Pathological jaundice in newborns should be suspected when the serum bilirubin level rises by more than 5 mg/dL per day, serum bilirubin more than the physiological range, clinical jaundice more than 2 weeks, and conjugated bilirubin (dark urine staining clothes). Haemolytic jaundice is the commonest cause of pathological jaundice.
Jaundice in infants, as in adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (infants: total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL). Normal physiological neonatal jaundice is due to immaturity of liver enzymes involved in bilirubin metabolism, immature gut microbiota, and increased breakdown of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). [54]
Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
FibroTest has the same prognostic value as a liver biopsy. FibroSure uses quantitative results of five serum biochemical markers, α2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), with a patient’s age and gender to generate a measure of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in the liver.
They are composed primarily of bilirubin (insoluble bilirubin pigment polymer) and calcium (calcium phosphate) salts that are found in bile. They contain less than 20% of cholesterol (or 30%, according to the Japanese classification system). [38] Between 2% and 30% of stones are bilirubin stones. [3]
For the adult male, the normal range is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl, or 53 to 106 μmol/L by the kinetic or enzymatic method, and 0.8 to 1.5 mg/dl, or 70 to 133 μmol/L by the older manual Jaffé reaction. For the adult female, with her generally lower muscle mass, the normal range is 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dl, or 44 to 97 μmol/L by the enzymatic method.