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  2. Steel plate shear wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_plate_shear_wall

    An SPW frame can be idealized as a vertical cantilever plate girder, in which the steel plates act as the web, the columns act as the flanges and the cross beams represent the transverse stiffeners. The theory that governs plate design should not be used in the design of SPW structures since the relatively high bending strength and stiffness of ...

  3. Rigid line inclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_line_inclusion

    A rigid line inclusion, also called stiffener, is a mathematical model used in solid mechanics to describe a narrow hard phase, dispersed within a matrix material.This inclusion is idealised as an infinitely rigid and thin reinforcement, so that it represents a sort of ‘inverse’ crack, from which the nomenclature ‘anticrack’ derives.

  4. Reinforced concrete column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_Concrete_Column

    Tied columns have closed lateral ties spaced approximately uniformly across the column. The spacing of the ties is limited in that they must be close enough to prevent barreling failure between them, and far enough apart that they do not interfere with the setting of the concrete. The ACI codebook puts an upward limit on the spacing between ties.

  5. Column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column

    When seated on a concrete foundation, a steel column must have a base plate to spread the load over a larger area, and thereby reduce the bearing pressure. The base plate is a thick, rectangular steel plate usually welded to the bottom end of the column.

  6. Strap footing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strap_footing

    A strap footing is a component of a building's foundation. It is a type of combined footing, [1] consisting of two or more column footings connected by a concrete beam. This type of beam is called a strap beam. It is used to help distribute the weight of either heavily or eccentrically loaded column footings to adjacent footings. [2]

  7. Shear wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_wall

    Different models have been developed over time, including macro-models, vertical line element models, finite-element models, and multi-layer models. More recently, fiber-section beam-columns elements have become popular, as they can model most of the global response and failure modes properly, while avoiding sophistications associated with ...

  8. Structural support - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_support

    Other factors such as the availability of materials, foundation conditions, the aesthetic requirements and economic limitations also play important roles in establishing the structural form. [ 4 ] Structural systems or all their members and parts are considered to be in equilibrium if the systems are initially at rest and remain at rest when a ...

  9. Wall footing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_footing

    Wall Footing . A wall footing or strip footing is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. [1] It is a component of a shallow foundation. [1] Wall Footing. Wall footings carrying direct vertical loads might be designed either in plain concrete or in reinforced concrete.

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