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Shoulder arthritis is characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of function and often by a grinding on shoulder motion. [1] One of the three forms of shoulder arthritis is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the gradual wearing down of the joint cartilage that occurs predominantly in elderly people, and sometimes as the result of overuse in ...
The risk of osteoarthritis increases with aging, history of joint injury, or family history of osteoarthritis. [18] However exercise, including running in the absence of injury, has not been found to increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis. [19] [20] Nor has cracking one's knuckles been found to play a role. [21]
Some common risk factors that can increase the chances of developing osteoarthritis include obesity, prior injury to the joint, type of joint, and muscle strength. [50] [51] The risk factors with the strongest association for developing inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus arthritis) are the female sex, a family ...
The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. [citation needed] The bones of the shoulder are held in place by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Tendons are tough cords of tissue that attach the shoulder muscles to bone and assist the muscles in moving the shoulder.
Muscle loss around the shoulder may also occur. [1] Onset is gradual over weeks to months. [2] Complications can include fracture of the humerus or biceps tendon rupture. [2] The cause in most cases is unknown. [1] The condition can also occur after injury or surgery to the shoulder. [2] Risk factors include diabetes and thyroid disease. [1] [4 ...
Radiculopathy is characterized by sensory and motor disturbances, such as severe pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, back, or leg, accompanied by muscle weakness. Less commonly, direct pressure on the spinal cord (typically in the cervical spine) may result in myelopathy , characterized by global weakness, gait dysfunction, loss of balance, and ...
[58] [56] Knockdown of myostatin has been shown to reduce formation of osteoclasts (multinucleated cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue) in mice modeling rheumatoid arthritis. [58] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that, among other effects, leads to the degradation of the bone tissue in affected joints.
Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. [1] The condition may also occur without any clear reason. [1] The most commonly affected bone is the femur (thigh bone). [1] Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. [1]
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