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Lucena (IPA: loo-SEH-nɘ), officially the City of Lucena (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lucena), is a highly urbanized city in the Calabarzon region of the Philippines.According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 278,924 people.
Levels of water systems in the Philippines [11] Level I Stand-alone water points (e.g. handpumps, shallow wells, rainwater collectors) serving an average of 15 households within a 250-meter distance Level II Piped water with a communal water point (e.g. borewell, spring system) serving an average of 4–6 households within a 25-meter distance
Water trading is a voluntary exchange or transfer of a quantifiable water allocation between a willing buyer and seller. In a water trading market, the seller holds a water right or entitlement that is surplus to its current water demand, and the buyer faces a water deficit and is willing to pay to meet its water demand.
Within this choice set, the preferred water tariff depends on multiple factors including: the goals of water pricing; the capacity of a water services supplier to allocate its costs, to price water, and to collect revenues from its customers; the price responsiveness of water consumers; and what is considered to be a fair or just water tariff. [4]
The private companies are allowed to earn a rate of return on total capital per their respective financial bids, called "weighted average cost of capital" or "market-based appropriate discount rate" in their contract. Manila Water's rate of return in its bid was only 5.2 percent.
On a regular basis, Manila Water's Laboratory Services processes an average of around 900 water samples from the distribution network monthly. This is to ensure that water to be delivered to the customers passes not only the regulatory standards on quality, but also to 100% comply with the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW).
International trade and water is the relationship between international trade and the water being used by humans. The substantial increase in human population during the 20th century combined with rapid increases in overall global economic development has resulted in rising challenges for the future of public water management.
Maynilad Water Services Inc. was formed in 1997 as a partnership of the Benpres Holdings Corporation (now the Lopez Group of Companies) and Ondeo Water Services Inc. after it won the bidding to run the water and wastewater services in the West Zone. Benpres eventually left the partnership in 2006 to settle a US$240 million debt.