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The three kinds of CDs, α-CD (6 units), β-CD (7 units), and γ-CD (8 units) differ in their cavity sizes: 5, 6, and 8 Å, respectively. α-CD can thread onto one PEG chain, while γ-CD can thread onto 2 PEG chains. β-CD can bind with thiophene-based molecule. [5] Cyclodextrins are well established hosts for the formation of inclusion compounds.
Based on the charge-transfer complexation of CBPQT4 + many supramolecular structures have been created, including fibrillar gels, micelles, vesicles, nanotubes, foldamers and liquid crystalline phases. In analogy to biological systems, which are assembled by hydrogen bonds to form supramolecular structures, the charge-transfer complexation is ...
Diastereotopic groups also arise in achiral molecules. For instance, any one pair of CH 2 hydrogens in 3-pentanol (Figure 1) are diastereotopic, as the two CH 2 carbons are enantiotopic. Substitution of any one of the four CH 2 hydrogens creates two chiral centers at once, and the two possible hydrogen substitution products at any one CH 2 ...
One of the reasons for grouping these three proteins together is that they all possess a modified helix-turn-helix motif, which helps the proteins bind to DNA, toward their N-terminal ends. [110] An ancient gene duplication event of a eukaryotic RecA gene and subsequent mutation has been proposed as a likely origin of the modern RAD51 and DMC1 ...
The genetic code is a key part of the history of life, according to one version of which self-replicating RNA molecules preceded life as we know it. This is the RNA world hypothesis . Under this hypothesis, any model for the emergence of the genetic code is intimately related to a model of the transfer from ribozymes (RNA enzymes) to proteins ...
The definitions of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors used to apply Lipinski's Rule of Five [6] are easily coded in SMARTS. Donors are defined as nitrogen or oxygen atoms that have at least one directly bonded hydrogen atom: [N,n,O;!H0] or [#7,#8;!H0] (aromatic oxygen cannot have a bonded hydrogen) Acceptors are defined as nitrogen or oxygen:
Generally, one protein isoform is labeled as the canonical sequence based on criteria such as its prevalence and similarity to orthologous—or functionally analogous—sequences in other species. [15] Isoforms are assumed to have similar functional properties, as most have similar sequences, and share some to most exons with the canonical ...
Circularly permuted ssrA has been reported in three major lineages: i) all alphaproteobacteria and the primitive mitochondria of jakobid protists, ii) two disjoint groups of cyanobacteria (Gloeobacter and a clade containing Prochlorococcus and many Synechococcus), and iii) some members of the betaproteobacteria (Cupriavidus and some Rhodocyclales).