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Emergency contraception (EC) is a birth control measure, used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.. There are different forms of EC. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), sometimes simply referred to as emergency contraceptives (ECs), or the morning-after pill, are medications intended to disrupt or delay ovulation or fertilization, which are necessary for pregnancy.
Oral contraceptives, be it combined or progesterone-only, can effectively prevent pregnancy by regulating hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle, inhibiting ovulation, and altering cervical mucus to impede sperm mobility; combined pills have extra effects in menstrual cycle regulation and menstrual pain relief.
During the week of placebo pills, withdrawal bleeding occurs and simulates an average 28-day menstrual cycle. The placebo pills are not required for pregnancy protection, and with any monophasic COCP the placebo pills may be discarded, and the next pack of active pills may be started to prevent the withdrawal bleeding. [10]
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be used to treat menstrual cycle disorders including heavy menstrual bleeding, [9] and pelvic pain disorders such as endometriosis [10] and dysmenorrhea. [11] CHCs are also a first line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome for menstrual abnormalities, acne, and hirsutism. [12]
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), or metrorrhagia, is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. [1] It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse . [ 2 ] The term metrorrhagia, in which metro means measure and -rrhagia means abnormal flow, [ 3 ] is no longer recommended.
Depending on the presumed underlying cause of bleeding, medical management with progestogen-only pills, combined oral contraceptives, or tranexamic acid may be appropriate. One study found that 76% of patients who took oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (20 mg) for treatment of bleeding unrelated to pregnancy saw resolution of their bleeding. The ...
Period products are an expense that many in the U.S. can't afford. Here's how they manage — and what people can do to help.
Further, problems with other aspects of the female reproductive system must be excluded, including dysmenorrhea (period pain during menstruation, rather than before it), [8] endometriosis, perimenopause, and adverse effects produced by oral contraceptive pills. [3] Severe symptoms may qualify as PMDD. [14]